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BETTY'S HOPE

Research Page

The Betty's Hope Restoration Trust is a non-profit, NGO.

Donations are essential for ongoing restoration.


 

 

  A  CHRONOLOGICAL  HISTORY  OF  BETTY'S  HOPE  
  with an Index to references  
     
 

 1651   Betty's Hope estate founded by Col Chris Keynell. (Governor 1653-60) - Pulsiph 1988:17
 1653   Betty's Hope owned by Joan Hall, widow of Governor Keynall. - Oliver's Hist.
 1667   Betty's Hope sugar works burnt down and made garrison by neighbours - Oliver xxxvii
 1667   Joan Hall left 60 slaves at Betty's Hope on fleeing to Nevis - Oliver xxvii
 1668   Joan Hall deprived of Betty's Hope (1,689 acres) by Lord Willoughby  - Unfort.M 1
 1668   Lord Willoughby granted Betty's Hope to Christopher Codrington. -  Unfort.M 1
 1669   Betty's Hope became "Government House" when Codrington became Governor - Monument 23
 1674   Planters, animated by Codrington's Betty's Hope example, invested in sugar  - Gaspar 1986:66
 1676   Betty's Hope surveyed at 725 acres - Oliver's Hist.
 1677   Joan Hall petitioned for return of Betty's Hope. She had been given it by Codrington - Oliver 125
 1698   Codrington, at Betty's Hope, signed will providing slaves religious education -  Ant. NL 15Jun46
 1702   Codrington's will (a missionary college in Barbados) was signed at Betty's Hope -  Monument 23
 1709   Val Russell Morris was given Jolly Hill for his claim of Betty's Hope - Unfort.M 1
 1710   Betty's Hope left to William Codrington, cousin of deceased Christopher Codrington - Monument 23
 1715   At Betty's Hope: 88 head of cattle,16 coppers,4 stills etc (see inventory) - Codr.Mic C2 R8
 1723   Lists Codrington's estates, acreage - Oliver's Hist.
 1737   The north tower of Betty's Hope was built by Richard Buckley - Liggins MAB,C-26
 1738   Betty's Hope left to William Codrington II (eldest son), W/Cotton, Cables was Folly - Monument 23
 1738   Codringtons owned Betty's Hope, Cotton, Cotton New Work and the Garden -  Tweedy 24
 1740   Codrington estates produced 1000 hhds sugar. Betty's H:400, Garden:200 - Codr.Mic C3 R24
 1740   A condition report of Betty's Hope in the Codrington papers -  Codr.Mic C3 R24
 1740s  Betty's Hope boiling house needed extending and 5 coppers added - Gaspar 1985:104
 1751   277 slaves at Betty's Hope. A field gang of 39 men and 59 women. Details. Gaspar 1985:105
 1761   Samuel Redhead was attorney for Betty's Hope and responsible for Barbuda - Tweedy 40
 1763   Betty's Hope and Barbuda granted to Francis Buxton for 1 yr, for 5/-, Oliver's Hist.
 1776   Betty's Hope suffered from loss of provisions and lumber from America. Monument 23
 1780   New works at Betty's Hope. Plan of Curing & Still Houses View of Boiling Ho Cod.Prs P-9
 1780   A total of 393 slaves on Betty's Hope on 31 Dec 1780. Codr.Mic A12 R21
 1780   At Betty's Hope there were 33 oxen, 12 mules,6 cows & a bull (53 head). Codr.Mic A12 R21
 1816   Inventory of stores at Betty's Hope available in Codrington Papers. Cod.Prs. C-28
 1817   Hibbert's (ex-manager of Betty's Hope) "wife" and children manumitted. CC 313
 1821   List of stock at Betty's Hope available in Codrington Papers. CC 318
 1825   R. Jarrit now Manager of the Codrington Estates. Lived at Betty's Hope CC p.67
 1827   Guy Barbuda was whipped twice for poisoning cattle twice at Betty's Hope Codr.Mic E6 R1
 1827  30th.There were 310 slaves on Betty's Hope Estate. SlaveRcd MAB-B41
 1831  By May, Betty's Hope had produced 196 hhds sugar, estimated to be 270 hhds. CC 395
 1832  The slaves at Betty's Hope subscribed to the Bible Society, to read the Bible CC 408
 1832  The manager of Betty's Hope was Mr. Dogan. CC 406
 1835  Poor work is ruining Betty's Hope, it costs £24-35/wk in expenses. CC 423
 1836  Labour at Betty's Hope inadequate, The Garden people worked on Saturdays. CC 440
 1837  Smallest sugar crop at Betty's Hope, estimated by Liggins as 23 hhds. Liggins MAB,C-26
 1837  Betty's Hope workers houses had been rebuilt to hold workers on estate. MAB,C-23
 1837  Betty's Hope House plain and cottage-like style. The best in Antigua. Liggins MAB,C-26
 1837  Eighty labourers constantly at work at Betty's Hope estate.  Liggins MAB,C-26
 1843  Codrington estates were 1689ares inc. Betty's Hope, Cotton Old & New Works, Garden Pulsiph:25
 1845  Oliver Nugent reported machinery at Betty's Hope giving trouble, hoping to fix -  CC 466
 1847  Immigrant labourers from Portugal brought to Betty's Hope and others. Pulsiph 1988:28
 1852  Codrington's estates listed, 1689 acres. Two mills, but steam used. Oliver
 1853  New centrifugal sugar machinery was installed at Betty's Hope Estate. Cod.Prs. A-15/6
 1862  New steam engine and mill proposed at Betty's Hope. Cod.Prs. P-10
 1872  Photos of Betty's Hope House and sugar works of 1872 available MAB 986-10
 1873  Cost of installing new steam machinery at Betty's Hope estimated. Cod.Prs. C-56
 1879  Betty's Hope rainfall 62.99",1878=40.08,1876=39.88,1875=25.45,'74=41.0" Codr.Mic E8,R24
 1882  Chinese labourers arrived at Betty's Hope, had also arrived in 1860's. Pulsiph 1988:28
 1889  Steam boiler and machinery sent to Betty's Hope. (Invoice at MAB) Cod.Prs. A-69
 1904  Lord Zouche visited Betty's Hope. Photo available at Museum. MAB 986-10
 1907  Kenny Joe of Betty's Hope tried to organise workers in mechanic shop. Smith94 28
 1912  Manager at Betty's Hope was William Ledeatt, as father before him. Hingston MAB
 1913  G. W. Bennett Bryson & Co were financial agents for Betty's Hope Estate. Cod.Prs. C-63
 1921  Codrington estates sugar cane sent Ant. Sugar Factory, Betty's H. works maintained Cod.Prs. C-60
 1930  Correspondence ref. sale of land at Betty's Hope for a railway siding. Cod.Prs. C-65
 1935  At Betty's Hope the chief planter was Mr. Winter & manager was Mr. Lake. Smith94 56
 1935  At Betty's Hope, only 21 sugar workers of 348(6%) won an after-crop bonus. Smith94 55
 1935  Betty's Hope the 2nd largest employer. Worker's wages raised 1d/day. Smith94 37
 1936  Manager of Betty's Hope Estate was J. A. Gore -  Cod.Prs. C-66
 1944  Sir Chris. Codrington sold Betty's Hope to Ant. Syndicate Estates Ltd. Pulsiph 1988:32
 1945  Willikies beat Betty's Hope cricket team. B. Daniels (BH) got highest score Ant.NL 10Nov45
 1951  Bethesda tamarind tree & Betty's Hope, meeting places for year's strike Ind.Mag. 23
 1951  c. Glanvilles started after 1950 hurricane w/people from Betty's Hope etc Culture Oct92:14
 1986  Nov. East part of Betty's Hope works ruin vandalised for building stones. DVN 1987
 1987  Sept. A committee was set up to conserve Betty's Hope Estate site DVN
 1989  Parks for Half Moon, Betty's Hope, Devils Bridge, Offshore Is, Green, Ft James -  Hoole NPA
 1990  Betty's Hope Mill started restoration, finished 1995, parts from Shoul. Observer 5Sep96
 1990  The Friends of Betty's Hope became the Betty's Hope Trust. MAB
 1990  May. Penny Concert revived when Betty's Hope Rest Project raised funds. DVN 1990
 1995  March 28th. The sails of the restored mill at Betty's Hope were fitted. Sentinel 1Apr95
 1996  Betty's Hope mill won 5th Ann. Islands Eco-Tourism Award Won US$1,000. Observer 5Sep96
 2005  Jan. 28th. Opening ceremony of Eco-Enhancement Upgrade of Betty's Hope. Invitation

 
     

Abbreviations in the above Chronology.

 

Ant.NL

CC             

Cod.Prs                 

Codr.Mic              

DVN                      

Gaspar         

Hoole NPA           

Ind.Mag.     

Liggins

MAB            

Oliver          

Pulsiph 1988        

Sentinel     

SlvRcd                  

Smith 94              

Tweedy                  

Unfort.M

The Antigua Newsletter (a Wartime Newspaper).

The Codrington Correspondence, 1743-1851, by Robson Lowe 1968

The Codrington Papers

Codrington Papers Microfilm

Pers. Comm, Desmond Nicholson

"Bondmen and Rebels" by David Gaspar, 1986.

The National Parks Commissioner

An Independence Magazine

Liggins to Codrington (An 1837 report)

The Museum of Antigua and Barbuda library

The History of Antigua – Vere Oliver, 1898

Betty’s Hope Conservation Project (see below)

Sentinel Newspaper

Slave Records

“No Easy Push Over” by Smith & Smith 1984

History of Barbuda under the Codringtons by Margaret Tweedy

The Unfortunate Valentine Morris by Ivor Waters 1964

 

 

 

BETTY'S HOPE REFERENCES
(For study at the Museum of Antigua & Barbuda Library)

 
   

ANON. - 1827.
List of Slaves on Betty's Hope Estate & their employment, property of Bethell Codrington. Unpublished, 6 pp.

LIGGINS, JOHN - 1837.
Liggins to Sir Bethell Codrington: Reporting the State of his Estates in Antigua & Barbuda Typescript of an original letter. Clements Library

NICHOLSON & SAN FILIPPO - 1987.
 "Interview of 'GiGi', Betty's Hope Employee from c.1925 ". Typescript, 3pp.

PULSIPHER, L. & GOODWIN, C. - 1988 .
Betty's Hope Conservation Project, Betty's Hope Estate, Antigua. Pilot Study Draft Report. Dept. Geography, Univ. Tennessee. 73pp.

HARVIE, DONALD (DEERR, SHERIDAN - 1988.
Antigua's Sugar Plantation Story. Includes Deerr & Sheridan. Prints Privately, unpaginated. Slavery captions 1748 1755 maps Betty's Hope (photo).

WITTEBORG, GOODWIN, BRENNER - 1989.
 Betty's Hope Estate, Antigua: A Proposal for Development. Betty's Hope Restoration Committee.

CLEMENT, CHRISTOPHER OHM - 1989 "Report on the 1989 Investigation of the 'North Road' Slave Component of Betty's Hope." Unpublished typescript, 46pp.

CARSTENSEN, BIRGIT - 1993.
 Betty's Hope: An Antiguan Sugar Plantation. Betty's Hope Trust, 1993, 24pp.

LEDEATT, TED - 1993.
"Letter about Betty's Hope". Architectural drawings of Still House. Unpublished., 7pp.

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA. - 1993.
11 drawings (14"x 11").

GOODWIN, CONRAD - 1994.
 Betty's Hope Windmill: An Unexpected Problem. Historical Archaeology, 99-110 pp. Sugar Mill Excavation, Tower Plan.

PRESERVATION INSTITUTE: 1994.
 Architectural Drawings Elevations of Betty's Hope Still House Unpub.11 drawings 14" x 11".
 

 

Museum of Antigua & Barbuda, 9 Feb 2005.

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